VampireS SUMO

Sadr City is a suburb of Baghdad which was built in 1959. It was originally called Revolution City after the Beatles Song “Revolution” said George Martin Jr. this week from Las Vegas Nevada which means The Grasslands. Grass is illegal in the Grasslands which as you can imagine has caused tremendous confusion, cognitive dissonance, anxiety and stress among the residents. Valium is a prescription drug used as a sedative to treat anxiety, insomnia, seizures and the type of convulsions associated with grandmothers blasting themselves into the next dimension in order to care for their young virgin granddaughters. Last week it was reported that Allah was running out of virgins and servants as each martyr is promised 80,000 servants along with 72 virgins in return for their Holy service. Why anyone would need to be serviced by 80,072 people at the same time escapes me but this week 2 Beatles released a new album named Love from Heaven. According to Yoko Ono John had channeled several of the songs to Shirley MacLaine who is the sister of Warren Beatty who built Las Vegas in the movie Bugsy. Bugsy was the toughest guy around but when he tried to act tough on the big screen he came off more like Paul Rubens in the back row. Not that Hugh Grant should talk but this week that back seat driver came out with a new film and appeared quite anxious about it.

Valium was invented by Leo Sternbach of Hoffman-La Roche in 1963 just in time for the Kennedy assassination. This was reported extensively by Walter Cronkite who is now doing the introductions for Katie Couric, giving the CBS Evening News a sense of tradition, continuity, and a male voice in case the people rebel at the thought of a female anchor. There are very few female anchors in Sadr City, which was renamed Saddam City by you know who. Never in the annals of legal history has a war crimes trial been so obviously rigged. Ever since 4 of the defense attorneys were blasted to smitherines the entire defense team has been doping themselves silly just to go to court. This may explain why Saddam’s lawyer Ramsey Clark the 67nd United States Attorney General said in his closing argument, “Man, I’m really stoned your honour. This opium is primo. I haven’t been this high since Lyndon Johnson sent me to the Asian Pearl Brothel in Ho Chi Minh City which used to be called Saigon. I guess you’re nobody if a city isn’t named after you. At least I have a condom named after me, which may be why the Pope has never invited me for dinner. I mean who is he to talk? He only has an omelet named after him.”

Paxil is a newer antidepressant manufactured by Glaxo Smith Kline. In 2004 the FDA ordered the containers to have a warning that the medication caused an increase in suicidal thoughts and behavior. This warning has now been placed on the Koran. Unfortunately the suicide bomber grandmother was illiterate but it matters not now. People forget that Saddam Hussein was giving $25,000 to the families of each Palestinian suicide bomber and threatened to obliterate Israel long before President Ahmidinejad even thought of it. Was there a connection between Iraq and 9/11? Well, the hijackers were all Muslim, the Iraqis are all Muslim, and the root of the problem is the automobile which was invented by Karl Benz on September 11, 1885. For 5 million years before the invention of the car people walked or rode horses but now we are all heading into the Apocalypse fighting over gasoline. Our epitaph as a species will soon read, “We feel the need for speed.”

Karen Fish is a writer currently living in Los Angeles California. The Temple of Love thetempleoflove.com/ thetempleoflove.com/

Classical music is at once one of the best known and least understood forms of music, and many music fans who feel they would never like classical music are surprised at just how enjoyable it can be.

Of course, classical music can take a great many forms, and not every music fan will appreciate every kind of classical music. To some people, classical music is best enjoyed in a crowded concert hall, with a glass of wine and good company. To others, the best classical music is enjoyed alone, perhaps in a darkened room with a great stereo system. Still others will enjoy making their own classical music in the company of family and friends, perhaps playing their own piano or enjoying a night out.

For those who are unfamiliar with classical music, there are many places to begin your classical education. One of the best places to start to learn about classical music is with your local public radio station. Just about every market in the country has at least one public radio station, and many public radio stations have extensive classical music programming during their broadcast day. In addition, the announcers on these stations are usually quite well versed in all aspects of classical music, so if you have a question about the art form they are a great place to start.

In addition to public radio, the many internet radio stations are a great way to introduce yourself to the world of classical music. There are a great many classical music stations on the internet, including many sub genres, such as classical guitar or classical piano. Scanning the music available at these sources is a great way to explore the breadth of classical music available and get started on your own appreciation.

For some listeners, an appreciation of classical music will come almost immediately, while for others it may take quite some time to develop an ear for the nuance and style that classical music represents. The time you take learning about classic music will be time well spent, though, and you may learn more than you ever intended about one of the oldest forms of music in the world.

Classical music has been with us for centuries, and chances are good that it will be with us for centuries to come. While other forms of music, from country and rock and roll to hip hop and rhythm and blues, may not be around five hundred years from now, chances are good that our great, great, great, great, great grandchildren will still be enjoying piano recitals, chamber music and other kinds of classical music.

For more information on the world of the classical visit classicalz.com classicalz.com

GWB

A Brief look at the Wanka (Advance): the Chavin culture is the oldest of the great Peruvian civilizations; it flourished between 1800 and 300 BC, approximately two millennia before the Inca Empire. The jaguar being a symbol to the culture; the Inca was perhaps the most cleaver and imperialistic of all the cultures that appeared in Peru, but the Wankas from Huancayo were perhaps the toughest of all the warriors that emerged in Peru’s history: located at 3’260 m (of altitude) in the fertile valley of Rio Mantaro.

The city of Huancayo is most famous for its Sunday markets, and two-2 km from Huancayo there is Torre-Torre, red-colored geological formations due to erosion. In a new park of the city, Wanka statues of stone evoke the culture of the old Huanca civilization.

The Wanka warrior lived between 800 to 1400 AD (Huanca: or Wanka) Waaka Michiq (or: Huanca Quechua: original). I have traveled all over the Mantaro Valley, and it is beyond description, its beauty, and spectacular views (vistas) from the top of nearby mountains. It was natural for the Wanka to deal with their differences by talking, not always war, and what usually followed the talking was “Kawagley”, or singing, dancing, drumming. The Wanka had a love for the earth (Quechua language, the word pacha is used to describe earth or allpa, which means ground or land; and Urqu Pacha, refers to the world of the dead.)

The Wanka

One must remember in the world of the Wanka, or in particular, Andean world, nothing is finite. Life and death is like water, a necessity, and part of creation. Pachayachachi (to live on this earth), one must accept the normal process of life and death, lest he be haunted his whole life with bewilderment.

WAR: I do not know of any specific word for War, in Quechua, or in the Wanka dictionary: the word: awqatinkuy, meaning to fight, is pretty close. Or wañuchina kushunchu, which means to cause death. Taking this to a more personal level: the word “warrior” in, Yupiaq; thus, a warrior is called: a warrior’s name that is, is anguyagta.

The Warrior used: bows, arrows, harpoons, and spears, a kayak, and lived in villages. They had a community house to talk things out; and they often fought among themselves. They also played games, games of skill, things like that. There was perhaps a period of time when the Wanka tried psychologically as well as a spiritual approach in dealing with a way to do away with war. And used dancing instead, as we see today, thus, holding together the culture and language, its revitalization efforts, you could say.

Waging War: The focus of this story is not so much about how one wages war, or its ability to wage war, but rather on the ability to look at war, to reflect the individual and the peoples actions—in this case, using tools as weapons to kill each other. As we see today in the Mantaro Valley of Peru, Harmony has replacement war, based on singing, dancing and drumming,

The Wanka Today: The Wanka today are much like any other group of people in many ways, they have their problems such as: alcoholism, domestic violence and suicides at the community level and self-governance and education rights at the institutional, political levels. There is no word for alcoholism in Quechua, no word for suicide, thus, it had to be invented for the 20th and 21st century (we can call it: hatun wasi or yatray wasi the learning house).

See Dennis’ web site: dennissiluk.tripod.com dennissiluk.tripod.com

Having a meal prepared and served for you in a restaurant can be quite a treat.
At least it is for a happy and healthy person who does not have to worry about
acid reflux striking in the middle of the meal. Eating out can spell trouble
with a capital “T″ for people who suffer from heartburn because any of a number
of ingredients could, quite literally, set your chest on fire.

This does not mean that acid reflux sufferers can never dine out. They just need
to do so with caution and keep a few simple things in mind when ordering their
meal.

1. Do not Abandon Your Diet

Most people with acid reflux have been given specific
diets to follow by either a doctor or a referred nutritionist. Eating out does
not give you free license to eat whatever you want. You need to stick to your
prescribed diet and find something on the menu that will suit you. If you are
familiar with the restaurant you should be easily able to find something that
won′t cause you any discomfort. If not then discuss your requirements with the
waiting staff and see if the chef can “modify” an existing meal to better suit
you. Most restaurants won′t have any issue with this.

If you are tempted to taste something that is on the “forbidden″ list then make
sure that you only take eat a bite or two of it. Doing so will allow you to
satisfy your craving without causing harm to your body.

2. Do not Overeat

Even if you are following your acid reflux prevention diet to
the letter it’s still important that you do not stuff yourself with food. A
common reaction for acid reflux sufferers who overeat is vomiting and let’s face
facts nobody wants to do that on a night out. The problem is that because eating
out is a special occasion for most people they tend to eat just that little more
than they normally would. For an acid reflux sufferer this could mean a sprint
to the bathroom and an embarrassing apology when they return to the table.

Another reason for being almost forced to overeat when you are out with friends
is the portions served in many restaurants. They are far more than any one person
can comfortably eat yet we feel this desire or need to eat everything on the
plate in front of us. It’s almost like we′re obliged to do so. That is a crazy
way to think.

How can you combat this? Why not try having soup instead of the main course?
Also pay attention to how full you feel. When you start to feel even a tiny bit
bloated then you have had enough to eat. Continuing to eat after that point is
just asking for trouble.

There is no need to make excuses for not going out for a meal with friends just
because you have acid reflux. Just use common sense and follow the above tips
and you can still have a fun night out sharing food and conversation with good
friends.

Jill Seimer writes about healthly lifestyle at refluxlife.com RefluxLife.com She recently published

What are you giving God?
You ask Him occasionally
Sometimes continually
For things excessively
Things most necessary
Important for your image
To uphold your visage
Your pride a barrage
Your lusts a mirage
That easily camouflage
What you truly want
Desires down deep
You dream and keep
Though your hope
Seems most bleak
Considering how you
Dreadfully speak
Wants far beneath
You should not
Merely bequeath
Instead boldly seek
Put feet to your faith
Practice some grace
Pursue God’s face
Not just His hand
Touch Daddy’s heart
Don’t just come to get
And than up and depart
Move beyond murmuring
Conquer complaining
Enter into thanksgiving
Relinquish your control
Let fully go and be whole
Don’t say you’re the Lord’s
When you maintain control
Concerning where to live
Dictate how much to give
Christ wants all your life
Not merely a tithe or tip
Yet you do resist and quip
Say no to God with the lip
Limit and shackle Christ
By your unyielded life
Demands and standards
Repeated denials froward
A miniscule menial mentality
Self-centered life for me
Me, myself, and only I
No wonder why you cry
Flail in frustration and fuss
Cuss as you drive the bus
Trying to lead and navigate
Your inability apparent
Self-willed you are errant
Godliness is not about gain
It is taking up your cross
Enduring and denying self
To serve Jesus holy Name!
Not money and profane fame
Choose therefore your god!
If money, than be not angry
When promises of prosperity
For humble obedient servants
Delay in there coming to you
Instead wisely ask yourself
What must I endeavor to do
For blessings and breakthrough?
Release what you require
To get what you desire
Catch fresh consuming fire
To ignite your destiny
Forge ahead with intensity
Overthrow fearful timidity
Replace angst with peace
Let your soul now feast
Prosperity begins within
If not there, you’ll not win
Die to your defiant rights
Let the Lord arise to fight
Triumph over your battles
Cause the enemy to scatter
Lead you in righteousness
Seek His face to lovingly kiss
His heart to tenderly embrace.
Prayer is the pleasant place
To find joy, glory, and grace
Worship God and happily taste!
Don’t let consumerism erase
Your personhood and passion
Regain purpose and take action!
You quickly ask for the best
But yourself give God the rest
Complain about every test
Trials, tribulations, transition
Seeking self-actualization
Disregarding degradation
Christ’s brutal crucifixion
For you He paid the price
To give you newness of life.
As for you, what in return
Will you purpose to do?
Can Jesus count on you?
To make known to humanity
Divine love, life, and liberty?
Or will you carry on merely
To sustain yourself entirely?
When will you sacrificially give?
Save lost souls needing to live?
For these Jesus bled and died
Not for greed, ego, and pride.

Paul Davis is a worldwide minister and life purpose coach empowering people to live their dreams. Transcending barriers that discourage and divide, Paul transforms individuals and organizations. An insightful teacher and author, Paul gives humanity a message of hope to reconcile them to the Maker of heaven and earth.

Paul Davis is a worldwide minister, life purpose and love coach (professional & relational), change master, and FL real estate agent.

Paul is the author of several books including Breakthrough for a Broken Heart; Adultery: 101 Reasons Not to Cheat; Are You Ready for True Love; Stop Lusting & Start Living Waves of God; Supernatural Fire; Poems that Propel the Planet; and God vs. Religion.

Paul’s compassion for people & passion to travel has taken him to over 50 countries of the world where he has had a tremendous impact. Paul has served in many war-torn, impoverished and tsunami stricken regions of the earth. His Dream-Maker Inc. is building dreams, breaking limitations & reviving nations.

Paul’s Breakthrough Seminars inspire, revive, awaken, impregnate with purpose, impart the fire of desire, catapult people into a new level of self-awareness, facilitate destiny discovery and dream fulfillment.

Contact Paul to minister, speak at your event or for life coaching:

mailto:RevivingNations@yahoo.com RevivingNations@yahoo.com, 407-284-1705.

DreamMakerMinistries.com DreamMakerMinistries.com

CreativeCommunications.TV CreativeCommunications.TV

What a wacky season so far-the Grey Cup Champs of last year are sitting in the cellar. Eskimos can not get anything going-but their coach may be going very soon. You have to have a scape-goat and it is usually the coach. Some very bad calls in the past 2 games have been costly. Watch for changes to be made mid-week.

Red hot Alouettes are 7-0 and #1 in the East hands down.Every aspect of their game is top notch. From leadership to defence to special teams and an incredible offense-the accolades can go on and on. If A.C. stays healthy they are the next Grey Cup Champs for 2006!

The Lions have had a so-so season and just come off a very big win over the Eskimos at home. Dickinson was hurt so little Bucky came in and blew the visitors away-literally. B.C. is #1 in the West so far.

Calgary was touted as the team to beat this year but they too have had their struggles. They are 4-3 so far and just came off a win at home to the Roughriders. Joffre Reynolds is explosive with his running game picking up over 100 yards per game this year.

Saskatchewan is 3-4 this year with the always unpredictible Kerry Joseph. When he is good-he is very very good. When he is bad………..
Overthrowing is his downfall and his receivers are having trouble hanging onto the catches. Special teams are not so special and penalties are just killing the whole team.

Winnipeg-what a cinderella story this year! Milt Stegal is the incredible WR of the decade, breaking records left and right. Kevin Glenn has found his stride and is connecting with Stegal and company on a consistent basis. The defense is second only to Montreal and at times even better. Unfortunately both Glenn and Stegal have been hurt this week and hopefully they can heal quickly.

Toronto is just a shadow of their former selves. It is indeed a humbling situation for the once mighty Argos. Damon Allan is 43 and maybe should think seriously about retiring. Ricky williams is hurt and may be gone for the rest of the season. Running game is shot. Recievers can not catch a cold. Spergon Wyn is playing hurt. This year is probably a wash.

The Ti-Cats were expected to be faster than a speeding train and jump high buildings this year. No super heroes to be found. Just players struggling to stay alive. So far they are 3-5 but the matchups only get harder from now on. New coach Ron Lancaster has been a bit more effective than the previous coach but it still comes down to performance on the field. Still a ways to go for this team. Maybe next year.

Gale Scheelar is a documented member of the Professional Handicappers League.

Read all of his articles at procappers.com/Gale_Scheelar.htm procappers.com/Gale_Scheelar.htm

Addlepated pococurante maismic dunderheads!

ALL over the World, I see Those who seek out Dangers where None Exist, Letting the Idle Mind run free as the Fever Ridden Child stricken sickly with the Vapors, seeing Dangers in things no Reasonable Person should, YET the Wicked, Disgusting Filth sits within their Own Homes, EASILY ACCESSIBLE by Innocent Children, the Elders, and the Poor Poor Family Pet!

I speak NOT of the Dangers of children playing “Tag″ in the playground, or of needing Booster Seats to ride within the Automobile til the age of 13, but of the Dangers of BUBONIC PLAGUE, the Very BLACK DEATH are IGNORED!

IN NEARLY Every home in the world, there Lies a Filth Encrusted Brush, of plastic bristles or perhaps a scrubby plastic sponge-like material designed to BE INSERTED INTO THE VERY COMMODE, TO SCRUB THE FACILITIES CLEAR. Having a clean commode, being NOT the issue, However, THE BRUSH IS THEN KEPT WITHIN THE HOME, WITH BOTH RESIDUE FROM THE COMMODE, AND DANGEROUS CHEMICALS LAYING ABOUT WITHIN THE LAYERS OF DEATH!

Those who would say my Fears are Unjustified I say this: THE BLACK DEATH WIPED OUT AS MUCH AS 1/3RD OF EUROPE! The hardest hit were the POOR as the Rich could FLEE the towns and cities and go to Country estates to escape the Vile Disease!

NOW AGAIN IN THE MODERN TIMES THIS EVENT IS NEAR TO HAPPEN AGAIN!

Those who are Wealthy can afford to use the New Fangled “Disposable Bathroom Toilet Brushes” and other new “Disposable Cleaning Tools” which could PREVENT the Spread of Disease and Death!

THE POOR HAVE NO SUCH PROTECTION! SHOULD THE POOREST OF THE POOR SUFFER AGONIZING HIDEOUS DEATH WHILE THE RICH LAUGH AND EAT CAKE!

The Filthy Brushes, poor living conditions caused by Robber Baron Landowners holding Possession of Buildings all across the Cities and Towns, Feeding on the Poor, taking all the Very Coin from their Very POCKETS, lining chests full of Money, spending wealth on Doxies and Dancing Girls, Guzzling fine wine from Bathtubs on Luxury Liners filled with Drunken Obnoxious wealthy folk, kicking puppies for fun!

INDEED The Very SOCIETY should Fall due to these Antics, babes crying from Hunger while the Poor rob the Poor while food rots on the shelves of the Stores at Midnight, and the Crock Pot design HAS NO FLOWERS!

Filthy toilet brushes, tossed into the streets because the Trash Man demands a Fee Per Bag of Trash, and the poor can afford Nothing! ROTTING FOODS, Empty Cleaner Bottles and Containers of Spoiled Milk ROTTING IN THE SUN, attracting the Rats of the Cities and the Sewers, Breeding FLEAS OF DEATH, COMING TO CALL ON THE PEOPLE, BRINGING MISERY AND DESTRUCTION TO ALL!

Hear Me, My People, HEED THE CALL OF WISDOM, Come to your Senses, BRING CLEAN STREETS AND COMMODES TO THE POPULATION OF THE WORLD and Court NOT Your Own Destruction with the Bouquet of Indifference or the Chocolates of Greed!!

Vercingetorix, we call upon your wisdom to Lead the People!

William Howard Taft

Editor, PopularParanoia.com

Resources are a tool every teacher uses daily in order to enhance the learning environment, motivate students or assist in student comprehension. Resources can be basic materials such as worksheets, presentation materials (PowerPoints, etc.) or even online learning via the web. Deciding which resources to incorporate into the school or classroom take some consideration.

When deciding on any resource it is best to look at the usability of the resources. We can’t always go by what we like. Will the material be readily understood by the teachers? In addition, does it have clear instructions for the preparation and incorporation required? Sometimes what seems like a great resource can be inappropriate for the teachers that will be using it.

Resources should help with bringing out creativity in both teachers and students. The best resources will push teachers to expand the horizons of learners. In addition, the students will be encouraged to explore and expand their learning experience. Resources can be a great way to spark the creativity of a class.

Finally, the age of the students should also be considered when choosing resources. We should make sure to choose resources based on the physical, psychological and cognitive characteristics of the learners? In other words, will the resources actually appeal to the students based on their age? For example, A&E may be a great source for literary texts but it may be more appropriate to look at PBS Kids. Always keep the age of students in mind when selecting the resources.

When dealing with online educational resources, there are many other considerations. The follow is from Becta ICT Advice for Teachers ( ictadvice.org.uk/index.php)
How to evaluate and review websites
The effectiveness of online educational resources depends heavily on the context they are used in. However, there are also some basic criteria that should be fulfilled. Here are some important questions to ask when evaluating online educational resources.
Is the resource authoritative? Is it produced by an authoritative source?
Will it support students with different learning styles? How does it use media to cater to people with auditory, visual, kinaesthetic or other preferences?
Does it have links or refer to appropriate stages of the National Curriculum or examination body?
Does the content make its educational purpose explicit?
Is the content accurate, up to date, reasonably comprehensive, objective and relevant for the learner, and does it use appropriate vocabulary?
Is the interface intuitive, with well-organised material and clear navigation?
Is the content meaningfully interactive, engaging the learner with key content or concepts and not merely creating virtual versions of activities that can take place easily and to better effect without computers (for example, dice-rolling or simulating magnetic attraction)?
Does the resource provide support and give feedback?
Does the resource enhance collaborative learning by encouraging learners to discuss problems, share information and ideas and reach group agreement?
Is the resource technically stable?

Internet safety
Your school may have an internet safety policy that suggests some criteria for the evaluation of internet material. For advice on drawing up such policies, see the DfES Superhighway Safety website.

Inclusion
Online resources should be flexible and adaptable to enable learners with a wide range of needs to use them. For example, some resources can be configured for different visual requirements or reading ages. The most effectively designed content generally has an awareness of the complete range of potential users. For more information, see the Becta Inclusion and SEN area.

Selecting sites for teaching and learning
Here is a suggested structure for reviewing web resources. It is fairly rigorous, but is probably necessary for sites that are to be included in curriculum planning.

1. Initial review
Use the links above to select sites with your learning objectives or educational purpose (curriculum learning or key skills such as communication) in mind. Look at what the site offers in terms of content, structure and supporting teaching and learning. Compile an annotated shortlist of sites.
2. Learner review in pairs / experienced learner review
Ask pairs of pupils already familiar with the curriculum content to review sites and complete the evaluation sheet. Alternatively, gather a range of perspectives by asking subject experts or ICT experts to review resources.
3. Action research review
Once the resource is in use, carry out action research in your classroom, to evaluate its effectiveness.

Michael Hines is the founder of totalesl.com” target=”_blank TotalESL.com, a free resource helping the ESL/EFL community in Asia and the Middle East for jobs, resumes, schools, resources, yellow pages, classifieds, information and lessons.

Drawing by copying is useful for beginners. It lets one practice style and methods of drawing without being concerned about the exact subject matter. Accuracy in eye measurement comes with copying.

Copying also gives training to the eye by allowing one to correct mistakes in the estimates of lengths.

A second type of drawing, perspective or object drawing, gives a knowledge of form and construction. The relations and relative sizes of objects to each other are learned through drawing them.

Finally, imaginary drawings enable an artist to express thought and impart ideas.

These three types of drawing support and help the others:

– Copying shows one how.

– In object drawing one sees how.

– With imaginative drawing one thinks how.

Eye Measurements Practice measuring by eye with this simple exercise:

– Draw a line four inches long and divide it in half, just by looking at it with the unaided eye.

– Draw another line and divide it into thirds.

– Do it yet again, dividing the line into fourths.

– Repeat this exercise with lines of different lengths.

To check your progress, measure the length of each segment after you’ve divided it solely by eye. Did you come close to halves, or thirds? Practice until you do.

Proportion Accurate eye measurement is required to draw figures in proper proportion. If the head is drawn twice as long as it should be, the whole figure looks out of proportion because the head seems unnatural.

Body sizes should be compared to each other, and made in sizes relative to their proportions. This takes practice, close observation and an ability to measure with the eye.

An effective exercise for learning to draw relative proportions is to use some ordinary object as a standard measure and draw it carefully. Then place other objects next to it and draw them. Use simple objects of different shapes and sizes.

For a more advanced exercise draw place two objects of different sizes together, such as a cardboard box with an apple on top. Draw these in relative proportion, or practice drawing them until you can. Then, from memory, add a third object to this scene, drawing it in relative proportion to the two objects already there.

Do this exercise over and over with the same starting two objects (box and apple) but add different third objects from memory.

How to Measure Hold a pencil up with your arm extended away from you. Mark the length, width or height of the object with your thumb on the pencil. Transfer this measurement to the drawing and use it as the standard measurement to which others will be gauged. For example, when drawing a house, hold the pencil out and line up the end with one corner of the base of the house. Put your thumb on the pencil at the point where the other side of the house is located. Transfer this to paper and use this measure, the width of the house, as a standard for making other relative measurements.

Scale Of Drawings One of the biggest mistakes beginners make is to draw on too small of a scale. In copying pictures from magazines and books the beginner naturally copies it as is, at that size. The beginner usually does not know that the original drawing from which the picture was made was almost certainly much larger.

Varying the scale of drawings is good practice to keep measurement and proportion skills up. Repeat the same drawing at different sizes for a simple exercise.

Drawing from Models Use simple objects you find around you as models. Draw them singly at first and as you advance group them together. Use objects with dull surfaces. These have simple areas of light and dark shade on their surfaces. Shiny objects reflect light and cast complex shadows.

Models with a single color are best at first. The eye will focus on form, not color.
Place your model objects against contrasting backgrounds. It is difficult to discern form when there is no contrast. If the object is dark, place it on a white background. If it is white, place a dark background behind it.

Light And Shade Begin practicing drawing shadows and light by using simple objects as models. These should be objects with simple outlines and very little detail, such as a ball or brick. Place the object on a white piece of paper and direct light from just one source onto it. This will give a shadow from one source only. Practice drawing many objects like this, singly, before drawing more complicated scenes.

James Vincent, creator of a free online version of a drawing course used buy thousands of art students, invites you to learn-how-to-draw-now.com?q=ez2 Learn How To Draw Now.

Digital cameras usually have both an electronic and a more traditional mechanical shutter. In this article we are going to see how an electronic shutter is realized in CMOS images sensors.

In CMOS image sensors the electric charge created in each pixel by incoming photons is read by an amplifier within the pixel itself. This analog information is then read out one row at a time. The time required for the reading operation of a whole frame is quite long. For instance, in a 3 megapixel sensor it takes about 82ms. This time corresponds to 1/12s. Compared to a typical shutter speed (1/15s - 1/1000s), such 1/12s is a very long time. So it is not feasible to reset all the rows (to clear out any accumulated signal), letting them integrate the incident photons over the set-up exposure time and then read them all out. This can not be done as the time required for the readout is not negligible compared to the exposure time. As an example, let us assume we selected an exposure time of 1/125s. After this amount of time, we start reading the frame. The first row is read after exactly 1/125s. While the first row is being read, all other rows keep transforming incoming radiations into electrons, thus effectively making the exposure longer. The last row will be read after 1/125 1/12s = 1/11s. So its real exposure time will not be the set-up 1/125s but unacceptably longer (1/11s).

An electronic shutter should work differently. The smart idea is resetting all the rows not together before starting integrating the incident light, but one at a time, in sequence. Each row is reset so that the time over which it will integrate the light will be exactly that selected by the user for the shutter speed. In the example above, each row is reset 1/125s before being readout. So here is what happens. The first row is reset and, after 1/125s, read out. It takes about 50 microseconds (1/20000s) to read out a row. So, 50 microseconds after the first row has been reset, the second row is reset, too. After further 50µs the third row is reset and so on. 1/125s after the first row has been reset, it is read out. 50µs after that, the second row will be read out, too; after still other 50µs it will be the turn of the third row and so on. In this manner, all rows are exposed exactly for 1/125s but will have an offset between each other in the time they are actually exposed. This “rolling″ mechanism gives the name to this kind of shutter: “electronic rolling shutter“. It can give exposure times from as low as 50µs up to an arbitrary amount of time (e.g. 1 minute).

The same rolling shutter can be used for shooting movies, which require 25-30 images per second. CMOS imagers usually also have a global shutter release mode to reset all the rows simultaneously to be combined with a mechanical shutter. However, electronic shutters are much more reliable than mechanical ones and don’t require maintenance.

Andrea Ghilardelli runs an online photo retouching service. To get your pictures beautifully retouched and for articles about photography, please visit his site: ilghila.com/ www.ilghila.com.